Thursday, December 19, 2019

The War between Scotland and England in the Reign of...

Why did War break out between Scotland and England in the Reign of Edward I? On the 14th of May 1264, the forces of Simon de Montfort, Gloucester and the Londoners were set arrayed against the loyalist forces of King Henry III, Richard of Cornwall and Prince Edward (later to become King Edward I). The loyalists suffered a massive defeat at this Battle of Lewes and among those captured, aside from Richard of Cornwall and perhaps the King (Prestwich indicates the unsure nature of the Kings capture 46), were the northern barons (Scottish lords) of Balliol, Bruce and Comyn. (Jenks 132) Prince Edward also became a hostage as part of an exchange after the battle. These same men who fought together and were held captive by the de Montforts†¦show more content†¦One of these four advisors was John Balliol, father of the future King of Scotland. (Prestwich 26) It is quite clear that, [families] notable in Scottish history were also notable in England†¦ The Bruces†¦ were a Yorkshire family, and the Robert Bruce who was Balliols rival for the Scottish crown in 1292 had served Henry III for twenty years and ended†¦ as chief justice of the English court of kings bench. (Miller 4) Given that such relationships so closely tied the English and the Scottish leaderships war was far from anyones agenda. However, during this time it was not uncommon even for close relationships to digress towards war. Family lines were built with strategic marriages to link families together, but they could just as easily lead to arguments and even war, specifically resulting from such strategic partnerships (or lack there of). Alexander II King of Scotland had been married to Joan, younger sister to Henry III, but later married Mary of Coucy (daughter of a great French house) after Joans death. This new marriage offended Henry III, not least of all because he was trying to recover French land (Poitou) and gain respect in continental Europe. (Powicke 586-7) To prevent war a new treaty was made giving the King of Scots more power, but at the same time asking him not to enter into any alliances hostile to England. This treaty was cemented by the marriage of Alexander (son of Mary and King Alexander II, who died before theShow MoreRelatedMonarchy Is The Oldest Form Of Government1657 Words   |  7 Pagesmonarchs and their ruling will begin with Edward the III from the House of Plantagenet (1327) and end with Charles the I from the House of Stuarts (1625) with added attention to the time period of 1299-1485 during the time of War of the Roses. Studying English history in accordance with Shakespeare’s p lays gives the reader a better understanding of the time period the play was written and helps the reader understand what shaped Shakespeare’s story. 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